Claude Levi-Strauss
- Believed constant creation conflict/opposition propels narrative.
Roland Barthes
Enigma codes
- Refers to an element that is not explained and, therefore, exists as an enigma raising questions that demand an answer.
- Most texts hold back details in order to increase the effect of the final reveal of the truths
Action codes
- Refers to the other major structuring principle that builds interest or suspense on part of and audience.
- The action code applies to anything that needs smoothing to carry on.
Tzvetan Tordorov
- Believes narratives begin with equilibrium then move to disequilibrium until equilibrium is restored in the end.
Steve Archer’s theory.
- Needs to be a strong and coherent relationship between narrative and performance in music promos.
- Music videos will cut between a narrative and a performance.
- Not only playing instruments is classed as performance, a dance routine could be too
John Stewarts theory
- The music video’s has the aesthetics of a TV commercial with lots of close ups focusing on the artist’s face.
- Visual references come from a range of sources.
- The video allows more access to the performance than a stage performance can.
- Mise-en-scene in particular can be used to emphasise a particular lifestyle.
Sigmund Freuds theory
- voyeurism. Refers to the notion that erotic pleasure may be gained by looking at a sexual object (preferably when the object is unaware of you doing so.)
Laura Mulvey’s theory
- Filmmakers are predominantly male so presence of woman in video’s is often solely for purposes of display.
- Women are objectified by the male film makers and not used for narrative reasons.
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